Measurement of buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To study the buccolingual inclination of posterior premolars and molars and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, to explore the compensation mechanism of horizontal inclination of posterior teeth in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns and to provide a reference for the control of posterior tooth inclination in the treatment of bone malocclusion.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ninety CBCT scans of adults and ninety scans of adolescents before orthodontic treatment were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. There were 30 skeletal Class I, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ patients in the adult group and adolescent group. The inclination angles of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson of first and second molars were measured, and data were analyzed between adolescents and adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns.@*Results @#Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients was significantly lower, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly higher. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients was higher, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly lower. The Wilson curve of the second molar in skeletal Class Ⅱ adult patients was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adolescent patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ adolescent patients had a significantly higher upper posterior molar inclination; however, no difference was found between the inclination of the posterior teeth between skeletal Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ adolescent patients. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the upper posterior teeth and less lingual inclination in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular first molar. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular second molars and showed no difference in the upper posterior teeth.@*Conclusions@#The inclination of the posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson show significant differences between the three sagittal skeletal patterns. Compared with those of skeletal Class Ⅰ patients, the posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients show more lingual inclination in the upper arch and less lingual inclination in the lower arch. Meanwhile, posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients show more lingual inclination in the lower arch and maintain the inclination in the upper arch.

Importance of Dental Radiography in Forensic Odontology: A Review

Introduction: Forensic odontology is an important and evolving branch. It has been established for critical issues like medi- colegal cases and identification of a dead person. Radiographic assisted documentation will provide objective information including the precise recording of the uniqueness of every individual where it has been used extensively in dental identification based on anatomy and by comparing maxillofacial skeletal landmarks in antemortem and post mortem records. Main body: Human Identification is mainly based on a dead body decomposition state. More likely of missing persons and the identification of individuals in conditions like criminal investigations and mass disasters. Odontological method for human identification is used commonly as it is simple by comparing with other methods, but complex in execution and requires skills and expertise. There are so many radiological techniques for forensic purposes like Computer tomography, cone-beam com- puter tomography, Orthopantomogram, 3D facial reconstruction, Radiovisiography, and Virtopsy. Objectives: This review highlights the different radiographic techniques and procedures and its application in forensic odon- tology. Source search criteria: Data were obtained and analyzed from previously published literature and electronic database search- es of relevant published literature from PubMed and Google Scholarfrom the 2001 to 2021 year. Conclusion: Imaging technologies and radiographs have become a vital component of modern medical practice and foren- sic odontology. The application of any of the mentioned techniques depends on the availability of previous images, data, or skeletal findings for Identification. So forensic radiology has a potential for crime-solving and is useful in conventional dental identification based on anatomy and by comparing maxillofacial skeletal landmarks in antemortem and post-mortem records, as they have become a crucial part of dental practice as well as in forensic odontology for diagnosis of disease, treatment plan- ning, identification of tooth structures, and age estimation.

Aplicación de modelos 3D en cirugía hepática / Implementation of three-dimensional printed models in hepatic surgery

RESUMEN La impresión de modelos tridimensionales (M3D) implica obtener una estructura sólida y formada a partir de un modelo digital. Para la reconstrucción 3D se utilizó tomografía computarizada contrastada, realizándose impresión de modelos sobre la base de las principales estructuras anatómicas hepáticas. Se utilizaron M3D en dos pacientes con indicación quirúrgica, una mujer con trombocitopenia familiar y metástasis hepática de adenocarcinoma rectal, sin respuesta a quimioterapia, y un hombre con hepatopatía infecciosa crónica y diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular. La aplicación de M3D resultó de gran utilidad, pues permitió un mejor entendimiento de la relación espacial de las estructuras anatómicas en ambos casos. En nuestra experiencia, la aplicación de M3D fue muy útil para planificar la cirugía y dar una aproximación más certera de los reparos anatómicos. El modelo se obtuvo en 7 días y costó 380 dólares, un valor elevado para nuestro medio.

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) printing is the construction of a solid structure from a digital model. 3D reconstruction was performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, and 3D-printed models were built based on the main anatomic structures of the liver. 3D-printed models were used in two patients with indication of surgery; one woman with inherited thrombocytopenia and liver metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma with no response to chemotherapy, and one man with chronic liver infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. The implementation of 3D printing technology was very useful, as it facilitated the understanding of the spatial relationships among the anatomical structures in both cases. In our experience, the use of 3D-printed models was very useful for preoperative planning and for understanding the anatomic landmarks. The model was built in 7 days, with a cost of 380 dollars which is elevated in our environment.

Renal angiomyolipoma with inferior vena cava and right atrial embolism: A case report and literature review / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC), and right atrial embolism is a rare solid tumor, whose etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Moreover, it is often misdiagnosed. One patient with renal AML complicated with renal vein, IVC, and right atrial embolism was admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, who was a 35-year-old female, without any previous medical history, presented with right low back pain for more than 3 years. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed irregular lobulated fatty density mass in the right kidney, renal vein, IVC, and right atrium. The contrast-enhanced scan showed no enhancement of fat components at each phase and mild enhancement of solid components. Radical resection of the right kidney and removal of tumor thrombus were performed, and there was no recurrence 1 year after the operation. It is rare for renal AML to grow along the renal vein, IVC, and extend to the right atrium. Imaging examination is extremely important, and the CT findings of this case are characteristic, but the diagnosis eventually depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.

Model reconstruction and morphological observation of internal carotid artery siphon and ophthalmic artery in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the morphological characteristics of internal carotid artery (ICA) siphon and ophthalmic artery (OA) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) based on CT angiography (CTA) three-dimensional reconstruction of ICA siphon and OA models.Methods:A retrospective cohort study. From January 2017 to January 2019, 26 patients with 31 eyes (NAION group) who were diagnosed with NAION by ophthalmic examination at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical Universitywere included in the study. Among them, there were 11 males with 13 eyes, and 15 females with 18 eyes; the age was 67.52±6.30 years old. Nineteen eyes of 19 non-affected contralateral eyes were selected as the contralateral eye group. Among them, there were 9 males with 9 eyes and 10 females with 10 eyes; the age was 65.95±5.66 years old. Twenty-six eyes of 26 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal fundus examination during the same period were selected as the normal control group. All subjects underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, fundus photography and CTA examination. The data obtained from CT scans were reconstructed by 3D model, and the anatomical morphology of ICA siphon was divided into U-shape, V-shape, C-shape and S-shape; the diameter of ICA siphon portion and the diameter at the beginning of OA were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the diameter of the OA at the beginning of the OA and the diameter of the ICA siphon between the three groups of eyes.Results:The diameters at the beginning of OA in the NAION group, the contralateral eye group, and the normal control group were 1.17±0.20, 1.34±0.17, and 1.39±0.15 mm, respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( F=12.325, P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the contralateral eye group and the normal control group ( P=0.310). In the NAION group, the anatomical morphology of the ICA siphon was U-shaped and V-shaped in 20 (64.52%) and 8 (25.81%) eyes respectively, and S and C-shaped in 3 eyes (9.67%); in the contralateral eye group, in the control group, the ICA siphon shape of the eyes examined was U-shaped and V-shaped, and S-shaped and C-shaped were rare. The diameters of the ICA siphons in the NAION group, the contralateral eye group, and the normal control group were 3.50±0.69, 3.22±0.59, and 3.55±0.54 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the three groups ( F=1.860, P=0.163). Conclusion:U-shaped and V-shaped ICA siphons are more common in NAION-affected eyes; the diameter of the starting point of OA is significantly reduced.

Tooth and pulp chamber automatic segmentation with artificial intelligence network and morphometry method in cone-beam CT / Segmentación automática de cámaras dentales y pulpares con red de inteligencia artificial y método de morfometría en TC de haz cónico

SUMMARY: This study aims to extract teeth and alveolar bone structures in CBCT images automatically, which is a key step in CBCT image analysis in the field of stomatology. In this study, semantic segmentation was used for automatic segmentation. Five marked classes of CBCT images were input for U-net neural network training. Tooth hard tissue (including enamel, dentin, and cementum), dental pulp cavity, cortical bone, cancellous bone, and other tissues were marked manually in each class. The output data were from different regions of interest. The network configuration and training parameters were optimized and adjusted according to the prediction effect. This method can be used to segment teeth and peripheral bone structures using CBCT. The time of the automatic segmentation process for each CBCT was less than 13 min. The Dice of the evaluation reference image was 98 %. The U-net model combined with the watershed method can effectively segment the teeth, pulp cavity, and cortical bone in CBCT images. It can provide morphological information for clinical treatment.

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue extraer estructuras dentarias y óseas alveolares desde imágenes CBCT automáticamente, lo cual es un paso clave en el análisis de imágenes CBCT en el campo de la estomatología. En este estudio, se utilizó la segmentación de tipo emántica para la segmentación automática. Se ingresaron cinco clases de imágenes CBCT marcadas, para el entrenamiento de la red neuronal U-net. El tejido duro del diente (incluidos esmalte, dentina y cemento), la cavidad de la pulpa dentaria, hueso cortical, hueso esponjoso y otros tejidos se marcaron manualmente en cada clase. Los datos se obtuvieron de diferentes regiones de interés. La configuración de la red y los parámetros de entrenamiento se optimizaron y ajustaron de acuerdo con un análisis predictivo. Este método se puede utilizar para segmentar dientes y estructuras óseas periféricas mediante CBCT. El tiempo del proceso de segmentación automática para cada CBCT fue menor a 13 min. El "Dice" de evaluación de la imagen de referencia fue de 98 %. El modelo U-net combinado con el método "watershed"puede segmentar eficazmente los dientes, la cavidad pulpar y el hueso cortical en imágenes CBCT. Puede proporcionar información morfológica para el tratamiento clínico.

Establishment of an intelligent cervical vertebrae maturity assessment system based on cone beam CT data / 浙江大学学报·医学版

To establish an intelligent cervical vertebra maturity assessment system, and to evaluate the reliability and clinical value of the system. Sixty children aged were recruited in the study. Lateral cephalometric radiograph and cone beam CT (CBCT) were taken at the same period. Based on the CBCT data, the system automatically extracted the patient's facial area through Otsu's method, intercepted the sagittal plane by three-dimensional least squares method, captured the second to fourth cervical vertebrae by superpixel segmentation. And then selected points were marked automatically through morphological algorithm and manual method. Consistency test was performed on the two sets of data to compare the reliability of automated cervical morphology capture. According to the parameters of morphological identification, positioning and staging algorithms were designed to form the intelligent cervical vertebra maturity assessment system. The cervical vertebra maturity was also judged manually on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. The weighted Kappa test and the Gamma correlation coefficient were subsequently applied to evaluate the consistency and correlation. The results showed that the cervical vertebra features automatically captured based on CBCT data had a high accuracy on the overall morphological recognition. In the prediction of 8 inflection points out of 13 points, there was no significant difference between automatic and manual method on both X and Y axes (all >0.05). The assessment results of the cervical vertebra maturity of the intelligent system had strong consistency and correlation with the manual recognition results (weighted Kappa value=0.877, Gamma value=0.991, both <0.05). The intelligent cervical vertebrae maturity assessment system based on CBCT data established in this study presents reliable outcome and high degree of automation, indicating that the system may be used clinically.

Imaging application of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)is an autoimmune orbital inflammatory disease. Imaging methods play an important role in evaluating the change of orbital structures and differential diagnosis of orbital disease. In addition, imaging studies can also contribute to analyze the activity and severity of TAO and estimate compressive optic neuropathy(CON).

Progress in computer-assisted Alberta stroke program early computer tomography score of acute ischemic stroke based on different modal images / 生物医学工程学杂志

Clinically, non-contrastive computed tomography (NCCT) is used to quickly diagnose the type and area of ​​stroke, and the Alberta stroke program early computer tomography score (ASPECTS) is used to guide the next treatment. However, in the early stage of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), it's difficult to distinguish the mild cerebral infarction on NCCT with the naked eye, and there is no obvious boundary between brain regions, which makes clinical ASPECTS difficult to conduct. The method based on machine learning and deep learning can help physicians quickly and accurately identify cerebral infarction areas, segment brain areas, and operate ASPECTS quantitative scoring, which is of great significance for improving the inconsistency in clinical ASPECTS. This article describes current challenges in the field of AIS ASPECTS, and then summarizes the application of computer-aided technology in ASPECTS from two aspects including machine learning and deep learning. Finally, this article summarizes and prospects the research direction of AIS-assisted assessment, and proposes that the computer-aided system based on multi-modal images is of great value to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of AIS assessment, which has the potential to open up a new research field for AIS-assisted assessment.

Value of chest high-resolution CT score in severity assessment of hip fracture-induced early acute lung injury in elderly patients / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the value of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score in evaluating the severity of hip fracture-induced early acute lung injury (ALI) in the elderly patients. Methods    The clinical data of 289 elderly hip fracture patients in Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2014 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups, including an ALI group (n=114, 36 males and 78 females at age of 82.94±6.85 years) and a non-ALI group (n=175, 51 males and 124 females at age of 84.42±6.31 years). General information, chest HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2 were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between chest HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effective extent of the diffuse ground glass opacity (DGGO), intense parenchymal opacification (IPO), and reticulation HRCT scores to the overall HRCT scores. Results    The DGGO scores, IPO scores, reticulation scores, overall HRCT scores and PaO2/FiO2 were higher in the ALI group than those in the non-ALI group (P<0.001). In the ALI group, correlation analysis showed that DGGO, overall HRCT scores were in significantly negative correlation with PaO2/FiO2 (P<0.001). In addition, the correlation among PaO2/FiO2 and overall HRCT scores was more significant than that of DGGO scores. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that DGGO, IPO, and reticulation scores were independent influencing factors for overall HRCT scores. Among the influencing factors, DGGO scores had the greatest impact, then IPO scores and reticulation scores. The HRCT signs of DGGO, IPO, and reticulation appeared simultaneously had the greatest effects on the overall HRCT scores. Conclusion    The chest HRCT score, which is associated with PaO2/FiO2, also can be used in the severity assessment of elderly patients with early ALI caused by hip fracture.

The application of magnetic resonance imaging-guided microwave ablation for lung cancer

Context: It is necessary to explore a minimally invasive, effective, and efficient treatment for those lung cancer patients who are poor candidates for surgery. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the application of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of lung cancer. Settings and Design: A total of 43 patients with 44 pulmonary lesions were examined following identical procedures before being randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group consists of 17 patients with a total of 18 pulmonary lesions, while the control group consists of 26 patients with a total of 26 pulmonary lesions. Materials and Methods: The experimental group was treated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided MWA while the control group was treated using computer tomography (CT)-guided MWA. A transverse relaxation time-turbo spin echo (T2-TSE) sequence was used for signal collection in the experimental group to determine puncture location and microwave needle position while T2-TSE, T1-turbo field echo, and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) sequences were used for timely efficacy evaluation. Whereas in the control group, CT axial scanning was performed to serve similar purposes. Statistical Analysis Used: A nonparametric Wilcoxon test, median (M [25%, 75%]). Results: All of the 44 lesions were successfully located on the first attempt. The mean time for scanning and locating lung lesions under MRI and CT guidance were 64.53 and 42.96 min, the mean times of positioning were 12 and 18 min, and the mean durations of MWA were 12.48 and 15.06 min, respectively. Conclusions: As a minimally invasive method for treating lung tumors, MRI-guided MWA requires fewer localization scans, a shorter MWA duration, no radiation, real-time observation of the curative effect, and it prevents overtreatment

Caracterización de la mineralización del proceso estilohioideo en tomografías computarizadas volumétricas / Characterization of the mineralization of the stylohyoid process in volumetric computed tomography

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las características tomográficas de la mineralización del proceso estilohioideo (MPE) mediante tomografía computarizada volumétrica (TCV). Material y Métodos: Se revisaron 860 tomografías computarizadas volumétricas (593 corresponden al sexo femenino y 267 al sexo masculino) de un servicio de Radiología Bucal y Maxilofacial. El rango etario estuvo comprendido entre 6 a 89 años. Se utilizó la adecuación tomográfica de la clasificación de Langlais. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el uso de la prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontraron 289 MPE, prevaleció la mineralización bilateral (68.86%). La longitud promedio aritmética de las MPE fue de 39.54 mm. La frecuencia de la MPE fue del 33.60% (289 casos). Se encontró mayor frecuencia en el grupo etario de 40 a 49 años, no hubo diferencia significativa entre el sexo femenino y masculino (p=0.53). En la clasificación de Langlais el tipo más frecuente fue la variante segmentado con 42.2%. El patrón de MPE más frecuente fue la variantes parcialmente calcificada con 58.8%. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de la MPE fue de 33.60% y la TCV permite identificar oportunamente esta variación anatómica.

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the tomographic characteristics of the mineralization of the stylohyoid process by volumetric computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods: reviewed 860 volumetric computed tomographies (593 correspond to the female sex and 267 to the male sex) of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Service. The age range was between 6 to 89 years. The tomographic adequacy of the Langlais classification was used. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Results: 289 MPE were found, bilateral mineraliza-tion prevailed (68.86%). The arithmetic average length of the MPE was 39.54 mm. The frequency of MPE was 33.60% (289 cases). It was found more frequently in the age group of 40 to 49 years, there was no significant difference between the female and male sex (p = 0.5367). In the classification of Langlais the most frequent type was the segmented variants with 42.2%. The most frequent MPE pattern was the partially calcified variants with 58.8%. Conclusions: The frequency of the MPE was 33.60% and the TCV allows to identify this anatomical variation in a timely manner.

Comparing the effects of fast and slow expansion on nasal cavity and maxilla structure / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to compare the effects of fast and slow expansion on nasal cavity structure.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) was obtained before and after surgery and used for comparing the changes in nasal structure before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Fast expansion had resulted in greater changes in the basilar and nasal bone arch extension structures than slow expansion. No significant difference at maxillary width and nasal parenchyma.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Rapid expansion therapy has more beneficial effects on nasal function.

Comparison of ultrasound radiomics with conventional imaging models: diagnosis of central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To compare the difference of diagnostic ability between ultrasound radiomics (USR) and different conventional imaging models of central neck (Ⅵ) lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).@*Methods@#A training set of 609 cases was set up. USR features were extracted and screened by USR method. A weighted formula was established to calculate the USR score of each patient by ultrasound image. The USR score of the best diagnostic ability was obtained by statistical method and set as the diagnostic criterion. A test set of 326 cases was established to compare the diagnostic ability of USR score with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and US combined CT.@*Results@#The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC curve and Youden index of USR score in test set were 0.804, 0.867, 0.770, 0.766, 0.533, respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values of US, CT and US combined CT(all P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#USR score obtained with USR method can effectively predict lymph node metastasis in Ⅵ region of PTC. The diagnostic efficiency and clinical value of USR score were significantly higher than those of conventional medical imaging models.

Comparison of ultrasound radiomics with conventional imaging models :diagnosis of central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To compare the difference of diagnostic ability between ultrasound radiomics ( USR) and different conventional imaging models of central neck ( Ⅵ ) lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) . Methods A training set of 609 cases was set up . USR features were extracted and screened by USR method . A weighted formula was established to calculate the USR score of each patient by ultrasound image . T he USR score of the best diagnostic ability was obtained by statistical method and set as the diagnostic criterion . A test set of 326 cases was established to compare the diagnostic ability of USR score with ultrasound ( US ) ,computed tomography ( CT ) and US combined CT . Results T he accuracy ,sensitivity ,specificity ,area under ROC curve and Youden index of USR score in test set were 0 .804 ,0 .867 ,0 .770 ,0 .766 ,0 .533 ,respectively ,which were significantly higher than the corresponding values of US ,CT and US combined CT ( all P ＝ 0 .000 ) . Conclusions USR score obtained with USR method can effectively predict lymph node metastasis in Ⅵ region of PTC . T he diagnostic efficiency and clinical value of USR score were significantly higher than those of conventional medical imaging models .

Application of orthopedic metal artifact reduction technology in CT examination of arthroplasty / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the metal artifact reduction effect of orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR) techonology and its improvement effect on the image quality in CT examination in the patients with arthroplasty, and to elaborate the significance of the technology in clinical diagnosis and treatment of arthroplasty.Methods:The CT data of 20patients with hip or knee prostheses was collected.There were two tube voltages in each group of CT data:120and 140Kev.There were also two groups of CT data in each tube voltage group:nonO-MAR group and O-MAR group;there were four subgroups of CT data of each case:120 Kev/-O-MAR, 120Kev/+O-MAR, 140Kev/-O-MAR, 140Kev/+O-MAR.After data collection, Mimics software was applied to conduct three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for purpose of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of CT data.Qualitative analysis mainly included the grade of severity of metal artifact and quality of data.Quantitative analysis included the volume of metal artifact, the average CT value and standard deviation (SD) in region of interest (ROI) .ROI 1and ROI 2were chosen at the location of beam hardening artifact (radial high-density metal artifact) and photon starvation artifact (band low-density metal artifact) , respectively.Results:According to the result of3D measurement, the volumes of artifact had no significant difference between 120 Kev/-O-MAR group and140Kev/-O-MAR group (P=0.062) , but there were siginificant differences in the volumes of artifact between other groups (P＜0.05) ;O-MAR technology decreased the volume of beam-hardening artifact obviously (P＜0.05) .According to the results of two-dimensional (2D) measurement, there was no significant difference in the average CT values in ROI 2between 120Kev/-O-MAR group and 140Kev/-O-MAR group (P=0.069) , but there were significant differences in the average CT values between other groups (P＜0.05) ;O-MAR technology decreased the high-density beam-hardening metal artifact and the low-density photon-starvation metal artifact in 2D measurement.Conclusion:O-MAR technology could significantly reduce the CT metal artifact of hip and knee prostheses and increase the clinical value of CT data.

Emphysema lobar distribution in patients with different degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on quantitative CT analysis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the features of emphysema lobar distribution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different degrees. Methods: Sixty-one COPD patients and ninety normal controls were recruited. CT scanning of both inspiratory and expiratory phase was performed. The COPD patients were divided into mild COPD group (levels 1 and 2) and severe COPD group (levels 3 and 4). All images were imported into the digital lung automatic detection platform, and emphysema lobar distribution was defined as percentage of lobar low attenuation area (LAA) in the total lung low attenuation area (LAA%), -910 HU and -950 HU were two cut-off values for emphysema. SPSS 22.0 Covariance Analysis was used for LAA% comparison among the groups. Results: In both inspiratory and expiratory phases, compared with those of normal controls, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper lobe increased significantly, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right middle lobe decreased significantly in mild COPD group (P<0.05). In the inspiratory phase, compared with that in mild COPD group, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the bilateral lower lobe increased and LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the left upper lobe decreased in severe COPD group, and these changes had significant differences (P<0.05), and additional significant decrease was found in expiratory phase in LAA-910% of the right upper lobe, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right middle lobe in severe COPD group. In the inspiratory phase, compared with those of the normal controls, LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper and middle lobes decreased and LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the left lower lobe increased in severe COPD group, and these changes had significance (P<0.05), and additional significant increase was found in expiratory phase in LAA-910% and LAA-950% of the right upper and the lower lobes in severe COPD group. Conclusion: Emphysema in mild COPD patients is more obvious in the bilateral upper lobe and increases gradually with the increase of COPD grade.

Application of orthopedic metal artifact reduction technology in CT examination of arthroplasty / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the metal artifact reduction effect of orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR) techonology and its improvement effect on the image quality in CT examination in the patients with arthroplasty, and to elaborate the significance of the technology in clinical diagnosis and treatment of arthroplasty. Methods: The CT data of 20 patients with hip or knee prostheses was collected. There were two tube voltages in each group of CT data : 120 and 140 Kev. There were also two groups of CT data in each tube voltage group: Non- O-MAR group and O-MAR group; there were four subgroups of CT data of each case: 120 Kev/ O-MAR. 120 Kev/ + 0-MAR, 140 Kev/ O-MAR, 140 Kev/ + 0-MAR. After data collection. Mimics software was applied to conduct three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for purpose of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of CT data. Qualitative analysis mainly included the grade of severity of metal artifact and quality of data. Quantitative analysis included the volume of metal artifact, the average CT value and standard deviation (SD) in region of interest (KOI). ROI 1 and ROI 2 were chosen at the location of beam hardening artifact (radial high-density metal artifact) and photon starvation artifact (band low-density metal artifact), respectively. Results: According to the result of 3D measurement, the volumes of artifact had no significant difference between 120 Kev/ O-MAR group and 140 Kev/O-MAR group (P=0.062) but there were siginificant differences in the volumes of artifact between other groups (P<0. 05); OMAR technology decreased the volume of beam-hardening artifact obviously ( P< 0.05). According to the results of two-dimensional (2D) measurement, there was no significant difference in the average CT values in ROI 2 between 120 Kev/ O-MAR group and 140 Kev/ OMAR group (P= 0.069), but there were significant differences in the average CT values between other groups ( P

CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE gene fusions / 医学研究生学报

Objective XPll.2/TFE RCC is an independent subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which is rare. The aim of this study is to investigate the CT features of Xp11.2/TFE RCC and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. MethodsCT findings of 30 cases from August 2009 to September 2017 of Xp11.2/TFE RCC from Eastern War Zone General Hospital, including location, density, edge, enhancement degree, lymphatic metastasis and others. They were analyzed respectively and compared with those of ccRCC. ResultsThe differences in CT values between tumors and renal cortex and renal medulla was statistically significant different phases (PP< 0.01). Most of patients with Xp11.2/TFE RCC are younger, about (36.4±17.7) years old. Females are more common, accounting for about 70% compared with ccRCC(50%). CT plan scan showed slightly higher density, about (45.2±8.9)HU vs (34.1±4.4)HU, high calcification rate, about 46.7% % vs 10.0% and CT scan with contrast agent showed gradual enhancement. The difference all were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion XPll.2/ has certain CT characteristics. Combined with CT and clinical manifestation of patients, it is helpful to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.

Computed tomographic manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis after organ transplantation and differential diagnosis with bacterial infection / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To summarize the computed tomographic (CT) manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis after organ transplantation and compare different signs between pulmonary aspergillosis and bacterial pneumonia.Methods CT images of pulmonary aspergillosis (n =62) and bacterial pneumonia (n =68) in post-transplantation patients were reviewed.The signs were categorized with consolidation,mass,large nodule (≥1crn),small nodule and bud-in-tree pattern.Some detailed useful differentiating signs such as halo sign,air bronchogram sign,reversed halo sign,hypodensity sign and cavitation were also analyzed.Results CT patterns of pulmonary aspergillosis included consolidation,mass,large nodule,small nodule and bud-in-tree pattern.The most common was large nodule (75.8％),followed by consolidation (48.4％)and mass (29.0％).And small nodule (16.1 ％) and bud-in-tree (12.9％) patterns were concurrent.For consolidation pattern,the proportion of bacterial pneumonia (69.1％) was the larger;For mass pattern,the proportion of pulmonary aspergillosis (29.0％) was the larger.For large nodule pattern,there was no difference.The detail sign of large nodule in two groups had no difference In detailed signs of consolidation pattern,air bronchogram sign was more often seen in bacterial pneumonia while cavitation was more frequently found in pulmonary aspergillosis.In detailed signs of mass pattern,pulmonary aspergillosis often has single lesion (66.7％),cavitation (83.3％)and air crescent sign (77.8％) is more common.The proportion of halo sign was 30.7％.Conclusions CT manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis are diverse after organ transplantation.There is some difference and yet overlap with bacterial pneumonia.